石油设备网讯 据今日油价网站5月27日消息 经过近十年的拖延，南非终于加入了大约40个国家的行列，这些国家制定了国家碳税政策，旨在控制碳排放量的上升，以实现全球气候变化目标。
南非总统拉马福萨周日签署了碳税法案，将于6月1日对非洲最严重的污染国之一征收碳税。在2019年6月至2022年12月税收实施的第一阶段，每吨二氧化碳当量的税率为8.32美元（120南非兰特）。
根据南非国家财政部的一份声明，碳税的第二阶段将在2023年至2030年之间实施。
财政部称，在第一阶段，允许的税收减免将有效地将碳税削减至每吨二氧化碳当量0.42美元（6兰特）至3.33美元（48兰特）之间。
财政部在路透社发表的一份声明中表示：“将在第二阶段之前对这项税收的影响进行审查，并将根据我们国家确定的贡献考虑在减少温室气体排放方面所取得的进展。”
南非继续严重依赖煤炭，自2010年以来一直在考虑引入碳税，但至少三次推迟实施，因为国家公用事业公司Eskom和矿业公司辩称，碳税会提高电价，同时会侵蚀供应商的利润。
王磊 摘译自 今日油价
原文如下：
South Africa Finally Enacts Carbon Tax
After nearly a decade of delays, South Africa has just joined some 40 countries that have enacted national carbon tax policies, aiming to curb the rise in carbon emissions to meet global climate change targets.
South Africa’s President Cyril Ramaphosa signed on Sunday the carbon tax act that will introduce a carbon tax on June 1 in one of Africa’s worst polluters. In the first phase of the tax implementation—June 2019 through December 2022—the tax rate will be equal to US$8.32 (120 South African rand) per one ton of carbon dioxide equivalent.
The second phase of the carbon tax will be between 2023 and 2030, according to a statement of South Africa’s National Treasury.
In the first phase, allowable tax breaks will effectively slash the carbon tax to between US$0.42 (6 rand) and US$3.33 (48 rand) per ton of CO2 equivalent, according to the treasury.
“A review of the impact of the tax will be conducted before the second phase and will take into account the progress made to reduce GHG [greenhouse gas] emissions in line with our National Determined Contribution,” the treasury said in a statement, carried by Reuters.
South Africa, which continues to rely heavily on coal, has been considering introducing a carbon tax since 2010, but has delayed the implementation at least three times because state utility Eskom and mining companies have argued that a carbon tax would raise electricity prices while it would erode providers’ profits.
