石油设备网讯 据普氏能源资讯新加坡4月1日消息 自交易日起90天内交付的现货贸易，在2018年扩大至7870万吨，占进口总量的25%，而2017年这一比例为20%。这在很大程度上是由于来自美国和俄罗斯的灵活供应增加以及集合商和交易商处理的LNG数量增加。
国际液化天然气进口商组织(简称GIIGNL)周一发布的最新报告显示，中国、韩国和日本去年吸收了全球52%的天然气现货，即4100万吨。美国、澳大利亚和卡塔尔是现货交易量最大的供应国。
GIIGNL总裁Jean-Marie Douger表示:“随着未来两年美国将有多列列车投入运营，增加无目的地和非石油指数的数量将会很大，并进一步增强液化天然气市场的流动性。”
与此同时，长期合同活动也有所增加。2018年签署了24份新合同，合同期限至少为10年。这一迹象表明，供应安全仍是LNG进口国和集合商的强大动力。
Douger表示:“对于LNG进口国而言，长期合作关系、目的地和产量灵活性以及在亚洲和欧洲市场之间进行优化或套利的能力仍是关键。”
2018年LNG进口总量增长8.3%至3.138亿吨，主要受中国和韩国的推动。中国和韩国分别是全球第二大和第三大LNG进口国，两国液化天然气总进口量比2017年增加2100万吨。日本仍然是最大的进口国，进口量为8250万吨，其次是中国，进口量为5400万吨。
相反，新兴市场去年LNG进口总量下降，主要是由于埃及和阿根廷国内产量上升以及亚洲新兴市场基础设施建设滞后。
吴慧丹 摘译自 普氏能源资讯
原文如下：
Share of spot trade jumps to 25% of global LNG market
Spot trade, delivered within 90 days from the transaction date, expanded to 78.7 million mt in 2018, 25% of total imports compared with 20% in 2017, largely driven by a ramp-up in flexible supplies from the US and Russia and the rise of LNG volumes handled by aggregators and traders.
China, South Korea and Japan absorbed 52% of spot volumes last year, or 41 million mt, according to a recent report by the International Group of LNG importers, or GIIGNL, released Monday. The US, Australia and Qatar were the largest suppliers of spot volumes.
"With several trains due to come on-stream in the US over the next two years, the additions of destination-free and non-oil indexed volumes will be substantial, and further enhance the liquidity of the LNG market," GIIGNL president Jean-Marie Douger said.
Meanwhile, long-term contracting activity also increased, with 24 new contracts signed in 2018 for a contractual length of at least 10 years, a sign that security of supply remains a strong motivation for LNG importers and aggregators.
"For LNG importers, long-term partnerships, destination and volume flexibility as well as the ability to optimize, or arbitrage, between Asian and European markets remain key," Douger said.
Overall LNG imports grew by 8.3% to 313.8 million mt in 2018, largely driven by China and South Korea, the world's second and third largest importers, respectively, which together received 21 million mt more LNG than in 2017. Japan remained the leading importing country with 82.5 million mt, followed by China with 54 million mt.
Inversely, the combined LNG imports by emerging markets decreased last year, mainly due to rising domestic production in Egypt and in Argentina, and infrastructure delays in new emerging Asian markets.
